Consumer Culture Is Central to Understanding Contemporary Identities Essay

As the title recommends, this paper will talk about, how much does customer culture influence contemporary personalities. In today’s society shopper culture is all over the place and we would most likely not have the option to make due without it. It turned out to be such a significant piece of our carries on with that a few people even form their transporter around it. Most organizations in current social orders, all around the globe function as effectively as they do, basically in light of the fact that individuals became shoppers and they purchase their items. This paper is first going to take a gander at why this difference in demeanor happened and how precisely it achieved customer culture. This will lead us onto how precisely purchaser culture functions and how it influences customers. To address the inquiry completely, we will likewise take a gander at the two view focuses on this issue. First we will talk about contentions which bolster the view that buyer culture makes current personalities. Besides, contentions supporting the view that purchaser culture is far less significant than in the improvement of one’s character. Before the inquiry itself is tended to, some foundation should be drawn about this issue. To be objective about this issue, it ought to be called attention to straight away that customer culture isn't the key perspective influencing contemporary characters. There is one straightforward clarification to why this is valid. People have been around for an any longer timeframe than shopper culture and were effectively building up their characters even before buyer culture came to fruition. In this way it is unquestionably obvious that before, there were different things making our personalities adequately enough. The meaning of personality which Jodi Davis finds the most fitting is â€Å"My character is controlled by an intricate blend of thingsâ€Å". The inquiry anyway focuses on contemporary personalities. So is it conceivable that buyer culture figured out how to assume control over the intensity of the various parts of the making of character in the previous 200 years? Some accept that the response to that question is yes. Truth be told, Bauman contends that â€Å"The streets to self-character, to a spot in the public arena, to an actual existence in a structure conspicuous as that of significant living, all require day by day visits to the market place†. Thus, Featherstone states that â€Å"criteria for easy street spin around the craving to expand one’s self, the missions for new tastes, and sensations, to investigate increasingly more possibilities†. (Featherstone, pg 67) Therefore numerous individuals would be glad to state that in today’s society, purchaser culture enormously affects our characters. Somewhat, this is valid. Jagger even accepts that â€Å"we become what we consume†. (Jagger, pg 45) To clarify why this is valid, the term â€Å"floating signifiers† should be clarified. It alludes to the way that nowadays, all items and brands have a specific significance/story behind them. Individuals get them in view of these pictures they convey with them, as opposed to the genuine utilization of the item. This leads us to the utilization versus trade esteem question. It could be contended this was one of the primary changes which made commercialization grow to such an extent. Fundamentally Use versus Trade struggle alludes to the way that at one point, individuals quit purchasing merchandise for their utilization esteem and began getting them for their trade esteem. Material merchandise are utilized as communicators, not utilities. (Featherstone, pg 84) Today, commercialization has arrived at such degree of accomplishment, that individuals no longer purchase things since they need them, but since they like this picture items give them. â€Å"Consumption, at that point, must not be comprehended as the utilization of utilization esteems, a material utility however fundamentally as utilization of signs. †(Featherstone, pg 85) This way, the things we purchase, make our personality, since individuals judge us dependent on what the items we use say about us. In today’s society of outsiders, it is the best way to pass judgment on an individual at the main sight. So for instance if somebody somehow managed to drive a Ferrari, individuals would consider him an effective person. This suspicion would be founded on the way that to have the option to bear the cost of this sort of vehicle, the individual must be rich. Additionally the brand itself gives him the picture of a youthful fruitful man. This shows consequently, without addressing individuals or becoming acquainted with them, they as of now judge us dependent on our appearance. Clearly we as a whole need to be enjoyed and acknowledged by others so we attempt to satisfy their desires for us. We endeavor to â€Å"live up to (yet not over) the gauges joined to the ‘social category’ into which we were born†. (Bauman, pg 27) These gauges are additionally anyway dictated by the media. Magnificence beliefs are set by TV, advertisements and superstars. They decide what’s â€Å"cool† and what isn’t. For instance VIPs frequently go about as magnificence icons, such huge numbers of ladies endeavor to seem as though them. This inward need to ulfil society’s desire constrains them to purchase items which guarantee to make them resemble a superstar. Whoever doesn't at any rate endeavor to fit in inside these guidelines, or far more terrible, attempts to do the inverse, may be vilified for it. For instance in the course of recent years, it turned out to be mainstream for ladies to shave their legs. It turned out to be mainstream to such an extent that these days, ladies who don’t do it are normally profoundly demonized. This all roots in industrialism, on the grounds that the underlying motivation behind why it became famous was to constrain individuals to burn through cash on razors-which were up to that point superfluous. Attempting to satisfy these desires makes our character as it were. Much of the time utilization of products just influences our outside character however in some extraordinary cases it might even begin to influence one’s inside personality. For instance certain brands depict certain gatherings of individuals. So if one somehow happened to shop at Gucci or Chanel, one is required to act a specific way. These brands convey the picture of an extremely customary, respectful and high society person. So anybody wearing Gucci or Chanel endeavors to satisfy the guidelines of these brands. That way one is now is changing his conduct just as his appearance, which is influencing his/hers outer, yet additionally inside character. So truly, when we consider it, the character others think we have, based on our appearance, is fake and phony. This is on the grounds that it is just made by the items we use, not by us ourselves. Be that as it may, of course, we pick which items to purchase and it is us who concludes what to look like for others so whatever we wear or appear as though, it is somewhat customized by our taste and different decisions we make. Campbell raises a fascinating point with regards to his book. He says that purchaser culture builds up our character in light of the fact that since there is currently such a tremendous selection of items, it gives buyers chance to characterize their taste. They can choose what they like and so forth. Likewise, since shopping centers are so mysterious, clients can take a stab at anything they like, just to perceive how that â€Å"role† would fit them. This likewise encourages them to discover the picture of themselves which they need to depict to others. (Campbell, pg 159) However others accept that shopper culture is far less significant than different elements in the advancement of one’s personality. Jodi Davis partitions character into outside and inside. Outside is â€Å"cultural orders (nationality, race, religion and sexual orientation) just as cultural portrayals (family, vocation, and position or title)†. While inward is â€Å"natural endowments, qualities, capacities; the intelligent person, enthusiastic, physical and profound attributes that involve our uniqueness and natural gifts and capacities; our fundamental direction toward our general surroundings, our learning styles, how we process and sort out data, and other inclined propensities and characteristicsâ€Å". Davis, pg 7) As we can see, there are a ton of things which characterize a person’s personality. What's more, we were to take a gander at them independently; we would see that we were quite brought into the world with the majority of the critical parts of our personality and along these lines can't transform them. Our appearance is one of the not many parts of our character, which one can substitute. In this manner if an individual isn't content with his general personality, one of only a handful hardly any manners by which he can transform it is through commercialization. Actually commercialization and promoting frequently intend to cause the client to feel this way. As the advertisements threatened that anything regular about the client was useless or disgraceful, and attempted to make him schizophrenically unsure about that idea, they offered weapons by which individuals could obscure themselves†. (Ewen, pg 48) If an individual dresses a specific way and utilizations certain items, he might have the option to persuade a few people that he fits the gauges set by media. As referenced previously, this is on account of the way that each item we purchase educates individuals something concerning us. The picture the item depicts probably won't be valid, yet simply the way that an individual uses that item causes individuals to trust it. Despite the fact that the second piece of this paper endeavors to help the possibility that there are different variables influencing contemporary characters more than customer culture, we ought not overlook its significance. The way that purchaser culture causes us to change the main variable piece of our personality makes it, as I would see it, much increasingly essential. Shopper culture is in reality huge with regards to understanding contemporary personalities. It is its items, which make the picture we attempt to depict to others and that route fit into society.

Leonardo Da Vinci Essays (178 words) - Giftedness,

Leonardo Da Vinci Everybody has known about the Mona Lisa, however less notable than Leonardo's painting are his scratch pad. They show that he was an architect and researcher path past his time. He drew his dreams of the plane, the helicopter, the parachute, the submarine and the vehicle. It was over 300 years before a considerable lot of his thoughts were enhanced. The scratch pad are the place Leonardo recorded his own thoughts just as existing plans and methods of reasoning for reference. They were never proposed for distribution. After his demise in France on 2 May 1519, Francesco Melzi, his student, brought a considerable lot of his original copies and drawings back to Italy. Melzi's beneficiaries, who had no clue about the significance of the compositions, progressively discarded them. Notwithstanding this, more than 5,000 pages despite everything exist in Leonardo's 'reflect composing', from option to left. Throughout the hundreds of years the sheets have been separated, and scarcely any scratch pad get by in anything like their unique structure. Some even stayed unfamiliar until 1966, whenever they were found by chance in the chronicles of the Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid.

Howard Gardners Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence Whenever you stroll into a homeroom brimming with understudies jumping mid-air, painting enthusiastically, singing profoundly, or composing frantically, its imaginable you have Howard Gardners groundbreaking Frame of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligencesâ to thank. At the point when Gardners hypothesis on numerous insights turned out in 1983, it fundamentally changed educating and learning in the U.S. what's more, around the globe with the thought thatâ there is more than one approach to learn -  in actuality, there are at any rate eight! The hypothesis was an enormous takeoff from the more conventional financial technique for training in which the instructor basically stores information into the students mind and the student must get, retain and repeat.â Rather, Gardner tore open the possibility that a withdrew student may learn better by utilizing an alternate type of insight, characterized as a biophysical potential to process data that can be enacted in a social setting to tackle issues or make items that are of incentive in a culture. This challenged the past agreement on the presence of a solitary, general knowledge or g factor that could be handily tried. Despite what might be expected, Gardners hypothesis places that every one of us has at any rate one prevailing insight that illuminates how we learn. A few of us are progressively verbal or melodic. Others are progressively legitimate, visual, or sensation. A few students are profoundly contemplative while others learn through social elements. A few students are particularly sensitive to the regular world while others are profoundly open to the otherworldly world.â Gardners 8 Intelligenceâ What precisely are the eight sorts of intelligenceâ posited in Howard Gardners hypothesis? The seven unique intelligenceâ are:â Visual-Aestheticâ learners think regarding physical space and like to peruse or picture their words. Bodily-Kinestheticâ learners are distinctly mindful of their physical bodies and like imaginative development and making things with their hands. Musical learners are touchy to a wide range of sound and frequently get to taking in through or from music, be that as it may, one may characterize it. Intrapersonal learners are thoughtful and intelligent. They learn through autonomous examination and independently directed experiences. Interpersonal students learn through social connection with others and appreciate bunch elements, cooperation, and encounters.Linguistic students main avenue for affection and words and appreciate learning through verbal expression.Logical-Mathematicalâ learners think theoretically, sensibly, and scientifically about the world and appreciate investigating designs and relationships.â In the mid-1990s, Gardner included an eighth intelligence:â Naturalisticâ learners have an affectability to the common world and can without much of a stretch identify with plant and creature life, enjoyingâ patterns found in the environment.â Hypothesis in Practice: Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom For some teachers and guardians working with students who battled in customary study halls, Gardners hypothesis came as a consolation. While a students knowledge was recently addressed when the person in question thought that it was trying to get a handle on ideas, the hypothesis pushed teachers to perceive that every understudy has bunch potential. Various insights filled in as a source of inspiration to separate learning encounters so as to suit the different modalities in some random learning setting. By changing the substance, procedure, and desires for a last item, instructors and teachers can arrive at students who in any case present as hesitant or unable. An understudy may fear learning jargon through test-taking however help up when requested to move, paint, sing, plant, or build.â The hypothesis welcomes a lot of innovativeness in instructing and learning and in the course of the most recent 35 years, expressions teachers, specifically, have utilized the hypothesis to create expressions incorporated educational plans that recognize the intensity of masterful procedures to deliver and share information across center branches of knowledge. Expressions coordination adopted off as a strategy to educating and learning since it taps creative procedures as subjects all by themselves as well as instruments for preparing information in other branches of knowledge. For instance, a verbal, social student illuminates when they find out about clash in stories through exercises like theater. A legitimate, melodic student remains connected with when they find out about math through music production.â Truth be told, Gardners associates at Project Zero at Harvard University went through years exploring the propensities for craftsmen at work in their studios to find how imaginative procedures may educate best practices in instructing and learning. Lead researcher Lois Hetland and her group distinguished eight Studio Habits of Mind that can be applied to learning over the educational plan at any age with any sort of student. From figuring out how to utilize apparatuses and materials to draw in with complex philosophical inquiries, these propensities discharge students from the dread of disappointment and spotlight rather on the delights of learning.â Are There Limits to Containing Multitudes?â Different insights welcome boundless opportunities for instructing and learning, however probably the greatest test is deciding a students essential insights in any case. While a large number of us have anâ instinct about how we like to get the hang of, having the option to recognize ones prevailing learning style can be a deep rooted process that requires experimentation and adjustment over time.â Schools in the United States, as an impression of society everywhere, regularly place imbalanced incentive on semantic or coherent numerical insight, and students with knowledge in different modalities chance getting lost, underestimated, or overlooked. Learning patterns like experiential learning, or ‘learning by doing’ endeavors to counter and right this inclination by making the conditions to tap whatever number insight as could be expected under the circumstances in the creation of new information. Teachers now and again regret an absence of association with families and note that except if the hypothesis reaches out to learning at home, the techniques don’t consistently hold in the homeroom and students keep on battling against stacked expectations.â Gardner likewise cautions against marking students with some random knowledge over another or inferring unintended progressions of significant worth among the eight sorts of insight. While every one of us may lean toward one insight over another, we likewise can possibly change and change after some time. Different insights applied to educating and learning settings ought to engage instead of breaking point students. In actuality, the hypothesis of various insights drastically extends our massive and undiscovered potential. In the soul of Walt Whitman, numerous insights advises us that we are mind boggling, and we contain multitudes.â Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein is an artist, author, and teacher from Chicago, IL (USA) who at present parts her time in East Africa. Her papers on expressions, culture, and training show up in Teaching Artist Journal, Art in the Public Interest, Teachers Writers Magazine, Teaching Tolerance, The Equity Collective, AramcoWorld, Selamta, The Forward, among others. Visit her site.

Challenges of Older Workers in America Research Paper

Difficulties of Older Workers in America - Research Paper Example A considerable lot of the businesses in America are of the view that the profitability and effectiveness of the more seasoned specialists are lower when contrasted with similar qualities in the youthful workers. In this manner, larger part of the businesses in America are not keen on perceiving the commitments of more seasoned laborers appropriately. While choosing advancements, impetuses and compensation climbs, bosses regularly consider the requirements of more youthful representatives as it were. Also, when businesses are choosing to diminish the quantity of representatives, more seasoned workers frequently come in the rundown as the primary goal. This paper investigations different difficulties more seasoned laborers in America face. Presentation As with numerous other segment gatherings, more seasoned workers’ joblessness by and large and long haul joblessness rates have expanded significantly since the downturn started in 2007. In December 2011, the joblessness rate for more established laborers was 6.0 percent, up from 3.1 toward the beginning of the downturn, however down from its pinnacle of 7.6 percent in February 2010. Specifically, long haul joblessness rose generously, and at a more prominent rate for more seasoned than more youthful laborers. By 2011, 55 percent of jobless more seasoned specialists had been effectively looking for a vocation for the greater part a year (27 weeks or more) (â€Å"Many Experience Challenges Regaining Employment and Face Reduced Retirement Security†, 2012). ... beneficiary homes or lofts, and roughly half have been searching for work for more than a year† (â€Å"Older Low-Income Workers Face Historic Crisis†, n.d.). These insights obviously recommend that the standardized savings of the more seasoned age of America is in peril at present as a result of different reasons, for example, downturn, monetary emergency and numerous other social components. It ought to be noticed that the youthful in America are not keen on ensuring their folks these days. Hence, huge numbers of the jobless guardians are confronting immense money related issues. They need enough cash to look for the administrations of noble cause associations when they are needing a help. To put it plainly, joblessness issues among more seasoned laborers are a financial issue as well as a social issue. To put it plainly, challenges looking by more established laborers are a significant issue in America now, and it is critical to get more bits of knowledge into this poi nt. Audit of Literature: Challenges of Older Workers in America According to Richard W. Johnson (2010), â€Å"On normal, laid-off male specialists 50â€61 who become reemployed procure 15 percent less on the new position than the old occupation, and those age 62 and more seasoned gain 21 percent less† (p.2). He has additionally brought up that age separation wins in American working environments. He states: In 2008, 15 percent of laborers age 55â€61 announced that their bosses offer inclination to more youthful specialists over more established laborers in advancement choices. Low-talented more seasoned men are particularly prone to report this sort of separation: 29 percent of men who didn't finish secondary school and 20 percent of secondary school graduates asserted that their managers favored more youthful specialists, contrasted and 13 percent of men who had gone to school (p.2). As indicated by Tomiko Thomas, program

“Look” in The Searchers Free Essays

Repudiating Ideologies in The Searchers While The Searchers can be seen from a basic point of view as a ‘revisionist’ Western as far as its depiction of Native Americans, certain parts of the film negate this general message. One such viewpoint is the character Look, who serves a job both as lighthearted element and as editorial on bigot portrayals of Native Americans. The Searchers makes a brilliant Showing of featuring the twisted portrayal of Indians in the Western sort, however Director John Ford’s comic depiction of Look accidentally mirrors the biases and generalizations dug in American culture during the 1950s. We will compose a custom paper test on â€Å"Look† in The Searchers or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now See, or â€Å"Wild Goose Flying Across the Night Sky,† shows up in a concise flashback arrangement conveyed from Marty’s perspective in a letter to Laurie. The scene depicts Martys mission with Ethan to discover the Comanche Chief Scar who had grabbed his supportive sister Debbie years sooner. While endeavoring to buy a cover from a Comanche clan with associations with Scar, Marty coincidentally gives a lady of the hour token to Looks father, bringing about a unintentional marriage. The mise-en-scene in the principal flashback establishes the pace for the rest of he scenes highlighting Look, building up a racial chain of command and anticipating the force structure in Marty and Looks relationship. The conventional Native American tune playing all through fills in as a sound extension that associates the entirety of the scenes highlighting Look with a peppy rhythm that sets a cheerful state of mind proceeded all through the comedic peak in the subsequent flashback. Moreover, character blocking offers knowledge into Looks social position and anticipates the result of her relationship with Marty. While Marty is haggling with Looks father, a setting up hot shows Marty remaining above Look as she sits leg over leg on the ground. The scene at that point decreases and forward between a transcending Marty and Look sitting docilely on the ground. This escapes both to white man’s predominance and Marty’s matchless quality in their relationship. Passage utilizes scenes of this disastrous marriage as an entertaining interval in a film in any case thick with revisionist analysis, dreary scenes, and barren scenes. While Look is a wellspring of bothering for Marty, it is obvious very quickly that Ford implies for Look to be a wellspring of comedic alleviation from the in any case extraordinary storyline. In the ensuing scene, as Look obediently follows Marty away from the Comanche camp and it first lights on Marty that he has inadvertently hitched her, Ethan blasts into charmed laughs shouting, â€Å"[c]ome along Mrs. Pauly! † Look is a wellspring of diversion for both Ethan and the crowd also, who is relied upon to giggle alongside Ethan’s jokes. Different characters in the film likewise discover Martys marriage amusing; subsequent to catching wind of Martys marriage, Mr. Jorgensen and Charlie snicker healthily, and keeping in mind that Laurie is disturbed, she is unmistakably less worried about her adoration enthusiasm being hitched than she is with his new wife’s ethnicity. The reaction of the film’s characters to Marty and Looks marriage urges the crowd to see the circumstance in a hilarious light. In the subsequent flashback, Look faithfully deals with Marty and endeavors to accomplish household work at the campground. Doing all that she can to please Marty, she kindly consents to reply to â€Å"Look† notwithstanding it having no connection to her genuine name. The scene peaks when she obediently rests close to Marty on his bedroll tor the night Enraged, M rty kicks ner ott and she tumbles down the slope with an accident. This is followed not with worry for Look by he characters or an adjustment in the tone of the scene, as one would expect while experiencing viciousness against a lady in a film today, yet with one more joke from Ethan. Giggling, he hollers, mfou know that’s reason for di-vorce in Texas! You’re truly harsh. † Additionally, Ford centers around Ethan as opposed to Look after her fall. Ethan’s carefree response and the general tone of the scene sign to the crowd that Looks abuse ought to be a wellspring of diversion as opposed to concern. A similar cheery soundtrack and Ethan’s constant flow of joke associate the first and econd flashbacks, keeping up the first’s funny feel. The cliché local tune enhances Looks previously hyperbolized Native American attributes, and adapted acing significantly adds to the comedic vibe of the scene. Martys misrepresented outrage and apparently nonsensical reaction to Look lying close to him is a directorial play for giggles, similar to the way that Marty’s viciousness is additionally underscored by the option of audio cues. As Look moves down the little slope, an enormous accident is heard, expanding the size of the circumstance while at the same time expanding comedic impact. Race assumes a key job in the audience’s gathering to this scene as entertaining as opposed to upsetting. This is featured best when appeared differently in relation to a prior scene in which Laurie goes into a room while Martin is cleaning up, attacking his protection along these lines. It is improbable Ford would evoke giggling from crowds at that point if Marty reacted to Laurie’s interruption with viciousness. It is because of the social bigotry and preference of the time that crowds were undeniably bound to esteem the life of, and accordingly care about the treatment of, Laurie. Looks lessened worth s an individual is made apparent by clear contrasts in how Ford handles the two characters in the film. The last flashback has a dismal tone and soundtrack intended to evoke compassion and reflection from the crowd. This, in any case, clashes legitimately with how Ford utilizes Looks character as a comic figure in past scenes. At the point when Looks body is found in the last flashback her passing even stirs a snapshot of compassion from the significantly supremacist Ethan, who covers her body with a cover. This scene features disjointed qualities in the estimation of white and Indian lives. Truly, the udiences of Westerns were urged to lament for the loss of white characters and cheer the demise of Indian characters. This pattern is proceeded in The Searchers. In spite of the fact that Looks demise is treated with distress and empathy, her passing is intelligible and visible to the crowd since her depiction once in a while transcends that of a comic generalization. On the other hand, Ford’s camera doesn't uncover Martha and Lucy’s bodies to the crowd out of regard and veneration to their characters. While Ford’s conflicting treatment of Look as caught by her passing scene might be iewed as revisionist discourse, one can’t neglect the way that there was no point of reference at the ideal opportunity for the utilization of a Native American lady as a comic fgure. All things considered, Looks depiction was not social discourse but instead mirrored the director’s own preferences and the impression of a racially-charged society coming through in his work. Made in 1956, The Searchers came toward the start of a period of incredible social change toward race and racial generalizations in America, and along these lines might be among the remainder of its time and sort to offer such an unashamed depiction of convention of prejudice. Look is a one-dimensional character contrasted and the solid temale jobs ot Laurie and Debbie, and the disparities in Ford’s depiction ot white and Indian ladies underscore the possibility that Ford saw them as second rate. Over ten minutes go between Looks introductory and last debut and, denied a voice, she has just one line of exchange. The crowd never knows Looks story and has little establishment to associate with her in any noteworthy manner; she is seen distinctly through the eyes of the white men around her. The demise of her character is noted, yet the udience is given scarcely any motivations to think about the person who has passed on. By overemphasizing the prejudice and Native Americans generalizations in The Searchers, Ford urges the crowd to ponder the profoundly established custom of depicting Native Americans in an unreasonably negative light in the Western type. This respectable revisionist exertion, be that as it may, is debilitated by Ford’s utilization of Look as a wellspring of parody. Basically just a comic clown, the way that her maltreatment is engaging to the crowd is a significant reflection on Ford and American culture at that point. The most effective method to refer to â€Å"Look† in The Searchers, Papers

Flowers in your hair

Flowers in your hair Im flying to San Francisco for the long weekend hope you kids in Boston have fun! Theres a lot going on this weekend, including: Pulse: Waves from the Motherland Cultural Show THIS SATURDAY, February 18th @ 7:30pm Kresge Auditorium MIT FREE In celebration of Black History Month, come see a FREE show featuring the Logs, Harvards Kuumba, Capoeira dancing, MIT Gospel, MIT Dance Troupe, Steel Pan, and so much more!! Pulse: Waves From the Motherland is a demonstration of the extent to which Africa has influenced art of all kinds and, with this influence, molded culture all over the world. The show, a collaborative effort by Advocates For Awareness, the MIT African Students Association, the MIT Black Students Union, the MIT Caribbean Club, and the MIT chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers, celebrates Black history as American history and moreover global history, by showcasing Black history as an integral part of our cultures foundation today. Also, dont miss the FREE afterparty in Ashdown right after the show!!! Pulse Website: http://web.mit.edu/ejk_adjo/www Afterparty Info: http://web.mit.edu/cpr/www Tucker Max is having a book signing to promote his latest book I Hope They Serve Beer In Hell. Date: Saturday Feb 18th (THIS SATURDAY) Location: Boston Universitys Sherman Union Terrace Lounge 2nd floor Time: QA starts 5pm, book signing from 6pm to 8pm. Afterparty to follow Directions: Take the B train on the Green line to BU Central. The street address 775 Comm Ave. Website: http://www.tuckermax.com Be sure to check out the website for classic stories such as Tucker Tries Buttsex, Hilarity does not ensue and The Night We Almost Died. - You heard about it, so now come see it! Come join us at the 2006 production of The Vagina Monologues!! When: February 16th to February 18th Where: 10-250 Time: 8pm Cost: $8 MIT Students, $10 General Tickets are being sold this week in Lobby 10. Also online at http://vagina.mit.edu and to help you get in the V-Day spirit, also available at the booth Both my dorm and the Class of 2007 are sponsoring trips to see Les Miserables this weekend, complete with discounted tickets. I cant find an email about it, sorry. are: Vagina T-Shirts! Chocolate Vagina Pops Vagina Buttons

Problem Of Overcrowding In Prisons - Free Essay Example

Between 1983 and 1989, US prisons have markedly increased in size in order to house the 77 percent increase in prison inmate populations (Welch, 1994).   This phenomenon is occurring at a global scale with the mean daily population approaching 410,000 inmates as of 1989. This figure represents a 6 percent annual increase from the previous year, which is steadily growing (Welch, 1994). Because of the issue of overcrowding in prisons, these confinement centers are lacking the resources to feed and house the increasing rate of population. This increase in prison population over time is an effect of societal flaw, where risk factors that may send certain demographics of people may be reduced via implementation of communications and organizations between the individuals and social systems. The individuals who are most at risk for confinement tend to be of a lower social class, have less money, younger in age, have a history of drug abuse problems, uneducated and or unemployed (Welch, 1994). Overcapacity in confinement centers creates chaos in the entire network of prison systems, including the staff numbers, which in turn   causes an increase in institutional problems. To begin to resolve the issue at hand, social problem awareness must be established especially in population dense areas of the world, accompanied by educational and employment programs for the uneducated and unemployed as well as jail system reforms (Welch, 1994). Since   jail policies and social forces are interconnected, it is easy to see that law enforcement and punishment together make up   a social system. Specifically , one case study that concerns prison   overcrowding shows how complex systems have flaws and can be improved. The analysis of this subsystem will reveal the structure of law enforcement and prisons as systems as well as what changes can be made in a separate subsystem such that population in prisons can stabilize or even decrease. Analysis Based off of Luhmanns theory of social systems, the world was born from chaos and had no inherent order. To establish a set order, individuals and groups created the society, groups and organizations we are so familiar with today. These social systems revolve around communication and tend to be autopoietic, meaning that they maintain and reproduce themselves constantly (Luhmann, 2012).   The smaller subsystems behave like small specialized territories in which   society operates. These systems being self-reproducing, Luhmann has also actually been criticized for underestimating the role of the individual, despite the fact these larger groups are made of the collective individual. One of the branches of subsystems of society being discussed here is law enforcement, which naturally lends itself to punishment in some fashion. The subsystem of law enforcement has reproduced and grown itself to produce its own prison system, as a deterrent for individuals to obey the rules of the law. In the context of   Luhmann, a social system includes all functional systems in a modern society   which are equally important and irreplaceable. Prison systems are much like society in the way that there exist differentiable subsystems having unique function, where each subsystem is equally important to the overall system function. Punishment systems seem to represent more of an organizational social system because of the marked hierarchy between the correctional officers and the inmates. Luhmann treated organizations as social systems which reproduce themselves on the basis of decisions. Based on this fact, we can say that prison systems reproduce based on the decisions of the government, which are representative of   organizational social systems.   Society as a social system is a communicative, interconnected system differentiated into various smaller and specialized functional systems such as family, law enforcement, economy, arts, and science. These systems have been structured and codified over time. Luhmann recognized social systems as organic systems capable of   self-organization. In this case, the prison system has risen from society communicating its need to reduce crime and maintain order. It is clear from Luhmann that systems generate their own systemic boundaries and internal structures for self-referencing, since each component refers to the system itself and its closed system. The components of the prison as a system are distinct and closed. Physically, the prison has guards and correctional officers as well as inmates that lie within a closed building with concrete walls and most likely a tall barbed wire fence. This example is a good example of a closed system because the design of a functional prison relies heavily   on its ability to retain prisoners.   Luhmanns concept of autopoiesis is applied to not just this system, but   all systems including non-biological systems. Luhmanns transdisciplinary concept of autopoiesis is very much applicable when the components of a system are reproduced by other components of the system. In this case, prisons are kept inmates alive by providing food and shelter, while receiving inmate work in return. This cycle is self -perpetuating , self-sustaining   and therefore autopoietic. Luhmann detailed the main elements of social systems as having communication (an asymmetrical process of transferring meaning or information from a sender to a receiver) interpretation,   and action within itself. In the context of the prison overcrowding situation, all three exist. However, they are not done at the most efficient levels possible. Improved communication would reduce the overpopulation in prisons by creating understanding and information synthesis between individuals, society and staff. Improved interpretation   would clear up any ambiguities concerning the prison system. Lastly, improvements in action within the imprisonment system could help decrease inmate population by giving incentives to pursue education and employment opportunities. This being said, action is a necessary step required for the system to reproduce itself. Communication on the other hand, is comprised   of utterance, information and understanding, which is necessary for correct action to tak e place. Although important for reproduction in the system,   action by itself cannot account for every decision made, which is a reason why Luhmann advocates against   treating communication as action, since it would mean the death of communication itself. One of   Luhmanns ideas was of   society being   the primary system that creates and recreates all communication. In order to remedy the problem of the overcrowding prison systems, this problem would first need to be recognized, communicated, interpreted correctly and follow the correct course of action.   All communication efforts are produced by the self -communication within the society,   where the borders of society are the borders of communication (Luhmann, 2012). It is the society that encompasses interaction and organization, in which communication can lead to correct action. Therefore, in order to incite change in the prison system, the society social system would need to be involved. Conclusion Overcrowding is currently the biggest problem facing confinement centers today.   Over the last two decades,   the overpopulation of Colombian prisons has risen as an unintended consequence of   policy makers producing arbitrary laws. This action inadvertently increased the number of conceivable illegal behaviors. Societal responses and information on the idea of criminal behaviors are sustained by society, which policymakers abuse when looking for societal approval.   This mode of thinking leads to greater repercussions of any illegal acts no matter how slight, resulting in extended prison sentences. Because of this systemic cycle set forth by the society, we see that the overcrowding of prisons is a result of the extended sentences and newly administered policies that could put anyone in jail. With more people going to prison for longer periods of time, its no wonder why this issue is on the top of the list for prisons. Within the system, each component plays a role which affects another component. It is clear that government policy and prison administration are vastly different subsystems. However, the two functionally different systems are interconnected under a much broader, systemic view. In order to create better policies that meet the necessities and limitations of prisons, there must exist appropriate communication, interpretation and action in the overall system.

Project Management in the Energy Industry-Comparing Two...

Introduction Throughout the 1970’s and 1980’s, utility industries struggled to manage their nuclear power plant construction prudently in the public eye. Throughout this era, litigation chastised the mismanaged organizations to the tune of billions of dollars. In this same era, Arab countries declared an oil embargo in the United States, oil prices soared and long lines at the gas pumps reflected the nation’s first fuel shortage since World War II. These events fast tracked the immediate need for an increase in alternative domestic energy sources here in the United States. The purpose of this analysis is to compare and contrast two projects in terms of Project Management, Quantitative Analysis and Economics while illustrating the†¦show more content†¦(Alyeska pipeline, 2010). Constructed between 1974 and 1976, these 800 miles of pipeline carried an $8 billion dollar price tag, the drilling facilities cost an additional $3 billion and completion of the project took a mere three years and two months. (Johnson, 2007). TAPS continues to perform successfully, is monitored to ensure safety and efficiency in an environmentally friendly manner. (Alyeska pipeline). Oil spill prevention, preparation and response cost the Alyeska Pipeline more than $60 million annually. (Trans Alaska Pipeline System). It is functioning 16 years beyond its intended lifecycle (Appendix B) with one-third of the oil throughput running on an â€Å"operate to failure† basis since 2007. (Reitz, 2011). Production is now approximately one third of what it was at its peak in 1989 and projected to decline about five percent per year. (Trans Alaska Pipeline System). Not only was the pipeline exceptionally well constructed, its earthquake standards received a test opportunity in 2002 when a 7.9 magnitude Denali Fault earthquake struck Alaska’s interior revealed the superior skills of the workforce. (Alyeska pipeline). The pipeline remained intact due to creative engineering performed and careful analysis of a potential earthquake decades prior. Economics of the Epoch Escalating costs played a major role in the diminishing number of power plants in the United States. (Cohen, 1990). Plants completed in the 1970’s carried an average price tag of $170Show MoreRelatedEffective Management And Effective Performance Measurements Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Effective management and effective performance measurements have a very close relation with management and practice (Drucker 1995). The effect of the performance depends upon the usages of the management. The performance measures have meaning when they are compared. The comparison may help in achieving goals or assess trends overtime or weighting performances of one organization to another (National Research Council, 2005). An organization’s success depends upon the inputRead MoreMajor Phases Of A Company Growth1235 Words   |  5 Pagesa lack of access to professional knowledge of space management, which may cause overcrowding and badly chosen timing of relocation. Second, during the managerial phase a company still focuses on its fundamental activities. . However, now the company can now adopt workspace layout reflecting hierarchical tendencies. In addition, new problem may occur requiring experts because of special space requirements. Likewise, because of lack of management focus on the distribution of the space, issues relatedRead MoreNew Approaches and Tools Brought by the Evolution of Enviornmental Auditing1320 Words   |  5 Pagesaudits to examine energy efficiency, while others use environmental audits to help in pollution control, improved production, health, safety and the conservation of natural resources. Although environment and energy audits perform functions similar to other types of audits, they have several distinguishing factors that are unique to the field of environmental and energy policy. Throughout our presentation we will be focusing on comparing and contrasting environmental audits and energy audits. ENVIRONMENTALRead MoreHow Happiness Can Improve Productivity788 Words   |  3 Pagesthe motivation to seek improvement and make them passive and dull. Comparing with other organization, construction industry has the highest need of human resources for all hierarchical levels. It is one of the largest global employment sectors, providing work for a significant proportion of the labour market and accounting for a significant share of the world domestic product (GDP) (Martin et al., 2003). Construction projects has many challenges such as the coordination of material, equipment,Read MoreSmart Research Statement748 Words   |  3 Pagesbeneficial for the future development of the smart city to enhance the energy conservation and efficiency. The battery design is an essential for electric transportation, smart grid, microgrid, and renewable power generation. My research interests consist of multi-level multi-objective design optimization of the LIBs, the battery management system, the battery state estimation as well as the EV powertrain and power management system design. The battery performance was first studied in its most importantRead MoreAssessment Of Security Standard And Open Web Application Security Project1330 Words   |  6 Pages So this paper focuses on comparing the two security standards like UK Cyber Essentials Scheme (UKCES) and Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP). INTRODUCTION: The application security space ha many groups that advocates the open standards and this Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is one of those groups. OWASP was started in 2001 and began operating in 2004 as the 501 (c) (3) charitable OWASP foundation that supports its infrastructure and projects. (TEELING, 2012). OWASP isRead MoreIt Governance And Management Organizations Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesIT Governance and Management CH15 Several organizations spun off portions of their IT groups to create e-commerce departments intended to support the organization s undertakings during the Internet frenzy from 1999 to 2001. Although different organizations will arrive at different distributions of these responsibilities, and an organization s distribution may change over time, there is a fairly normative distribution. The organization s compliance department could be charged with developingRead MoreConstruction Economics And Procurement : Assignment Essay2261 Words   |  10 Pagesadapting building industry with increasingly new technologies and ways of working. And with these introductions challenging the national framework for the construction industry as well as the research which underpins it, Ever new challenges and opportunities are shaping the form and content of our buildings The British Research Establishment (bre) stated that now buildings will need to reflect and respond to: ââ€"  new materials technologies, ââ€"  new control technologies (eg allowing lower energy use and increasedRead MorePorter’s 5 Forces the Russian Commercial Banking Sector and Wealth Management Industry1118 Words   |  5 PagesPORTER’S 5 FORCES amp; THE RUSSIAN COMMERCIAL BANKING SECTOR AND WEALTH MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY Today’s Russian Federation is characterized by low competitiveness in the context of firm strategy and rivalry, a supportive infrastructure for industries, a mixed bag when factor or input conditions are assessed (human resources, capital resources physical infrastructure, etc.†¦), and a polarized consumer base, where some hold most of the wealth, while the rest are quite average or below the poverty lineRead MoreCase Analysis : Mayflower Construction1476 Words   |  6 Pagesscheduling software, etc. The plan is apply JTI (just in time) business model within construction industry, with concentration on product Excellency. Competitive Forces Washington DC Metropolitan area is home to hundreds of good contractors and design firms, estimated at 600. Although around 30 companies, which are considered to be areas top remodelers will provide the most competition. This list includes two types of remodelers: design/build firms, which have both contractors and architects on staff

Astatine Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

compassion in nursing - 1871 Words

WHAT COMPASSIONATE CARE MEANS TO NURSING The vision set out by the Chief Nursing Officer for England and Department of Health Nursing Director recognised the importance of addressing the quality of care following the failings at Winterbourne View and Mid-Staffordshire Hospital (Cummings, J and Bennett, V, 2012). The Chief Nursing Officer for England and Department of Health Nursing Director consequently founded the six essential values of a care giver; care, compassion, communication, competence, courage and commitment (6C’s) (Cummings, J and Bennett, V, 2012). This essay is going to look at the meaning of compassion, explore its importance within a healthcare setting and outline how compassionate care can be delivered. This essay†¦show more content†¦In a Nursing Standard (2013) article one student reports that by seeing the delivery of good care by their peers gives student nurses an opportunity to appreciate the value of the 6C’s which could create a passion to adopt them in their own working me thods. In a study carried out on student nurses it was discovered that the students were able to better empathise by disclosing information about themselves, this in turn allowed patients to trust and confide in the students which was conducive for better relationships (Curtis, 2013). It was however, noted that students were uncertain of their boundaries and some student nurses found that they were having to mask their emotions in order to cope with the emotional demands of compassionate practice for them to remain professional. Despite this uncertainty students were encouraged with the obvious relief of suffering as a direct result of their interaction and compassion (Curtis, 2013). Nevertheless, students feared that becoming too emotionally attached could lead to vulnerability and they felt it was necessary to learn to toughen up (Curtis, 2013). Students were also worried that by hardening their emotional exterior would lead to becoming uncompassionate thus having detrimental effects on patients and their own wellbeing (Curtis, 2013). Detrimental effectsShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Nursing : A Profession Of Compassion And Service1192 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Nursing The nursing occupation has advanced during the course of history, seeing a change in practice, kinds of caregivers, and roles, but nursing continues to be a profession of compassion and service to individuals in need. There are many extraordinary nurses that have worked to transform this career and have allowed nursing to develop while at the same time provide better care and conditions in countless circumstances. In the past, the earliest nurses never attended nursing school; theyRead MoreNursing Is A Profession Requiring Intelligence And Compassion1586 Words   |  7 PagesNursing In my opinion, nursing is a profession requiring intelligence and compassion. It also requires the ability of applying psychology to the care of patients otherwise the results could be catastrophic. The degree and consistency of care that nurses give to their patients can both lead to a speedy and successfully recover or it can facilitate a tranquil death. I believe that nursing is a medical profession which deals closely with the care of patients and goes hand in hand with other medicalRead MoreNursing : A Nurse Is Not Comfort, Compassion, And Caring Without Even A Prescription?1748 Words   |  7 PagesResearch paper: Nursing â€Å"Nurses dispense comfort, compassion, and caring without even a prescription† (Val Saintsbury 2010). This quote is only one, of among thousands of quotes that represent nursing. There are thousands of definition of what a nurse is but there is not one simple definition that we can use to determine the meaning of a nurse. Nursing is one of the most competitive fields in college. With that being said, nursing has a variety of positions that requires a heart, and a head ofRead MoreCompassion Fatigue In Nursing. Hunter M. Ledbetter. Gardner-Webb1899 Words   |  8 Pages Compassion Fatigue in Nursing Hunter M. Ledbetter Gardner-Webb University HONOR CODE: I have neither given nor received any help on this assignment. This assignment is original work and not previously submitted work from another course. Introduction Compassion fatigue seems to be an epidemic in the health care profession. Since nursing, more specifically, can be high paced and full of stress, there is high risk for compassion fatigue. Kelly, Runge, Spencer (2015) argue that compassionRead MoreConcepts Of Health And Nursing1294 Words   |  6 Pages Compassion in Nursing NU 315 Concepts of Health Nursing Shelly Howell Compassion, or caring can be viewed as â€Å"nursing’s most precious asset† (Schantz, 2007), a fundamental element of nursing care (Dietze and Orb, 2000), and as one of the strengths of the profession. According to Torjuul et al (2007), it involves being close to patients and seeing their situation as more than a medical scenario and routine procedures. Compassion is to feel passion withRead MoreProfessional Values Of Nursing Practice1653 Words   |  7 PagesIn this assignment, I intend to discuss professional values in nursing practice in relation to nurse – patient relationships and my role as a student nurse. I will look at compassion in relation to professional nursing practices and discuss how I promoted professional nursing values during my caring experience in my workplacement. Out of the different professional values in nursing practice, I have decided to select compassion for the purpose of this assignment. First, the meaning and essence ofRead MoreThe Concept Of Compassion Fatigue1334 Words   |  6 Pages State of the Science Paper: Compassion Fatigue Katelyn Anderson Fairleigh Dickinson University A concept can be a word, an abstract or concrete thought, a phrase, or a symbolic statement. â€Å"Concepts are formulated in words that enable people to communicate their meanings about realities in the world and give meaning to phenomena that can directly or indirectly be seen, heard, tasted, smelled or touched† (McEwen Wills, 2014, p. 50). Concepts are the start of an idea, which canRead MoreCompassion Fatigue As A Synonym For Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder1524 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction According to Coetzee and Hester (2010) compassion fatigue was adopted as a synonym for secondary traumatic stress disorder. The aim of their 2010 concept analysis of the topic was to further define compassion fatigue as it applies to the nursing practice. They describe the process of compassion fatigue from just simply discomfort to compassion stress and finally fatigue. (p.1) Their analysis describes how damaging compassion fatigue can be on a nurse’s ability to provide compassionateRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1525 Words   |  7 Pages Personal Philosophy of Nursing Leo-Anthony Ojini University of central Missouri School of Nursing Personal Philosophy of Nursing My love for nursing started as a young kid growing up and watching my aunt care passionately for the sick and the less privileged for many years. I somehow picked interest in the profession and that ultimately led me to choose nursing as a career. First I thinkRead MoreCompassion, Its Importance And Effects Of Health Care1172 Words   |  5 PagesCompassion The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate an understanding of compassion, its importance and effects in health care. Compassion is an interesting topic and very important element within nursing (Dietze and Orb 2000). Involving patients, understanding their situation and being close to them rather than seeing them as a medical condition or procedure. Main In all aspects of nursing it is important that nurses are able to provide care with compassion. As it impels and empowers nurses

Slavery During The Civil War - 989 Words

In 1619, America’s first slaves arrived in Jamestown, Virginia to assist English colonists with the production of tobacco. These slaves were brought to the New World by Dutch traders, who ultimately planted the foul seeds of slavery in American soil. Quickly, slavery would spread like weeds throughout the colonies, and became significantly important to the South. According to the Constitutional Rights Foundation, â€Å"Before the Civil War, nearly 4 million black slaves toiled in the American South.† However, during the late 1800s, many American citizens began to contemplate the mortality of slavery, thereby causing the states to divide. Although the North was for the abolition of slavery, the South defended it wholeheartedly. Be that as it may, the white South used economic, political, social, and ideological reasons to defend the peculiar institution of slavery. The white South was based on an agricultural economy, therefore it became one of the main reasons that sla very was fought for and defended. At this point in time, many Southern citizens owned large plantations that needed slaves to work the fields and tend the crops. The Southern states relied on crops like cotton, tobacco, and rice to preserve their economic growth. Adding onto that, in 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin a machine that revolutionized and revitalized the Southern economy. This machine separated the seeds and fiber from the cotton faster than people could do by hand. Before the invention ofShow MoreRelatedSlavery During The Civil War1159 Words   |  5 PagesThe Civil War, occurring between the years 1861 and 1865, was a devastating effect of sectionalism caused by the division of the country on the topic of slavery. Slavery impacted every aspect of the country, whether in the North or the South, though primarily in the South; major impacts were in the politics and economy of the early country ways which inevitably caused the Civil War. Slavery was the focal point of the economy in the South, this inthrallment was the fuel for the agricultural SouthRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pages Eighteen century was a time period when slavery took deep roots in the New World. Slavery institution deeply affected and shaped the United States in the way we know it now. It affected all aspects of an American society: politically, economically and socially. Slaves were the ones who worked on large plantations, harvesting the crops, taking care of houses, fighting for an American independence, and gave the white people a leisure time to improve their knowledge and exercise political powerRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1571 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery, defined in Webster’s dictionary as the â€Å"condition in which one human being is owned by another†, was a heinous crime against humanity that was legal and considered a normality in America from 1619 to 1865. In 1865, the Union won the Civil War against the Confederates and declared that African American slaves be emancipated. Before their emancipation, African American families were split up, never to see each other again. Their rights of political and social freedoms were also stripped awayRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War Essay1761 Words   |  8 PagesThe idea of slavery in early America began when African slaves were brought to the newly settled North American settlement called Jamestown in Virginia in 1619, to help in the cultivation of cash crops as tobacco. Slavery was practiced all throughout the colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, with the abundance of practically free labor provided from the enslaved African-Americans helped pave the road of economic foundations in the newly founded nation. With the invention of the cotton gin in 1793Read MoreSlavery During The Civil War1751 Words   |  8 PagesFreedom. Independence. Liberty. Slavery in America began as early as the 1600’s when the colonists began settling in Jamestown. Originally, slavery was merely a small system of labor, meant to aid the production of crops and help build the economic foundations of the New World. The concept of slavery differed from place to place and from person to person. Some believed that owning another person as a source of free labor was just, wanting to extend the idea of slavery. Others thought the labor systemRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1900 Words   |  8 Pageslifestyles, abolitionists from north were against slavery and advocated emancipation to slaves in the south. Slavery may not have been the only factor that sparked a disagreement between the north and south but it certainly had an influence on states decisions to remain or leave the Union. The conflict of slavery has been an issue as early as the American Revolution but it became a serious problem around the 1850’s and during the Civil War. The impact slavery had on the Union can be seen in events suchRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pages‘Modern’ slavery in America began in 1619 when the first wave of slaves, were brought from Africa to a North American colony in Jamestown, Virginia. From 1619 to 1807 (when The Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves was made) according to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Database 12.5 million african were shipped to America. Prior to this slavery had existed as early as 1400 in europe. In America their sole purpose was to facilitate the production of lucrative crops such as Tobacco and cotton. By the 18thRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reasons that led to the Continue of Slavery in Virginia When Englishmen arrived at Jamestown they found a great land for farming. A few years later when the Englishmen decided to settle down at the new land, they grew a high-grade tobacco at the Chesapeake . It did not take long time for settlers to understand that they could pay their fines, debts, and taxes with tobacco, so they started to grow tobacco everywhere. In order to support economic growth and luxury living, EnglishmenRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War1908 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the 1800s in America, slavery was a controversy between the north and the south. A Slave was one who was the property of another human being under law and was forced to obey them. The North felt that slavery was unfair and inhumane, whereas in the South, they felt as though slavery was crucial to their success. African American slaves were not allowed many rights: they were not allowed to testify in court against a white person, could not receive an education, or even sign c ontractsRead MoreSlavery During The Civil War2248 Words   |  9 PagesSlavery of Freedom is Choice Slavery, in which lower class people are treated as property legally but by force, has been a serious issue in human history for thousands of years regardless of culture differences. During the antebellum period, North America abolished slavery of the black, whereas the south violently opposed to abolition no matter how inhuman it is since the south was on foreign trade and slaves provided the labor needed to support the economy. According to different information sources

Traditions in British Culture Free Essays

Traditions in Britain Culture Britain is full of various types of traditions. They have been around for hundreds of years. When most people think of Britain they think of eating Fish and Chips, or drinking tea and wearing bowler hats. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditions in British Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is a lot more to it than just that. St. George’s day is one of the most important days for England. It is known as their national day. April 23rd is when St. George’s day is celebrated. St. George is the patron saint of England, he protested against the Romans torture of Christians and died because of his beliefs. On Sundays the main meal of the day is often eaten at midday instead of in the evening. This meal usually is a Roast Dinner consisting of roast meat, Yorkshire pudding and two or three kinds of vegetables. Symbols that identify British Culture include: †¢The three national symbols: †¢The Union Jack: The flag of the United Kingdom, it dates back to 1603. When James VI (6th) of Scotland inherited the English and Irish thrones. Joining together the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland in a personal union. The Red Rose: It is the national flower of England. †¢And the three Lions Crest also known as the Royal Arms of England: The three golden lions on a red background, symbolizing England †¢The Royal Family: Queen Elizabeth, Prince Phillip, Prince Charles, Prince William, and Prince Harry. †¢Royal Guards: Life Guard, Foot Guard and Beefeater †¢On the Streets of England: Red double decker buses, Black taxi cabs, Pillar box (Post Box) and Telephone Box †¢ Song: God Save the Queen is the English anthem, it can also be known as God save the King when the Monarch is a male. When sung people usually only sings one or two of the verses, since over the years many people have contributed into adding another verse into the song. The many candidates for authorship on this song include John Bull, Thomas Ravenscroft, Henry Purcell, and Henry Carey. Currency: The pound sterling, often simply called the pound, is the currency of the United Kingdom. It is subdivided into 100 pence. Singular form is a penny) Education: British children are required by law to have an education until they are 16 years old and after that they are free to not go to school. Education is compulsory, but school is not. Children aren’t required to attend school, but the only other option is to be educated at home. The main school holidays are: Christmas (2 weeks long), Spring- 2 weeks long, and summer that is 6 weeks long. There are also one-week holidays that are at the e nd of October, the middle of February and the end of may. How to cite Traditions in British Culture, Essay examples

Clinical Health Assessment Medical

Question: Identify and write down what you consider to be therapeutic communication techniques used by the paramedic attending to Josh? Answer: Clinical Health Assessment Therapeutic communication is said to be a one to one interaction process, which concentrates on advancing emotional and physical well being of a care consumer. Nurse or paramedic staff use these communication techniques in order to support and inform patients (Balzer-Riley, 2008). The communication presented in the video is therapeutic communication, used by the paramedic attending to Josh. This is because the person actively listened to what Josh mentioned about his wrist pain. He sat facing Josh and throughout the communication he was relaxed and maintained eye contact. The paramedic shared his observations, by saying yes, your hand is swollen. He shared empathy by understood what Josh mentioned and accepted his condition and communicated his understanding. The paramedic shared hope by saying it will be all right (Med.monash.edu.au, 2015). The paramedic asked relevant question to Josh. When Josh said that he hit his hand in the gym, the paramedic further enquired how, and whether the pain is radiating or it is a sharp pain or how he is sensing the pain. To make a decision it is important for the paramedic to ask question to Josh. He asked him a question at a time, and then explored prior moving to the next question. He maintained proper pause in between each questions he asked Josh. Open ended questions help care provider to make proper decision and introduce relevant information regarding a particular situation. These are therapeutic and not common social communication technique as this involves proper medical intervention of Joshs sudden health condition. References Balzer-Riley, J. (2008).Communication in nursing. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby/Elsevier. Med.monash.edu.au, (2015).Teenager with Asperger's Syndrome - Paramedic Visit. [online] Available at: https://med.monash.edu.au/cehpp/altc-empathy/video/aspergers/paramedic.html [Accessed 8 Mar. 2015].

Tourist Destination Region

Question: Discuss about the Tourist Destination Region. Answer: Introduction: This article has identified the demographic profiling of the food tourists with a concentration on the socio-demographic and the social behavior of the food tourists in Australia. This research has found that the major share of the food tourists comprises of the female respondents. As mentioned by Robinson and Getz (2014, pp. 690-706), there is an inclination towards the higher educational background and economic affluence among the food tourists. Moreover, the article has identified that the food tourists love to visit places those offer attractive food options coupled with cultural and sight-seeing activities. This article has collected data from the potential food tourists themselves with an online survey, and relevant pieces of literature have supported the data. Being conducted in 2014, the article is providing a credible and current scenario of the food tourism. By analyzing the data with SPSS and its tabular representation has logically established the findings of the research. However, the geographic limitation of the findings and the large volume of data have created a complication in the analyzing and representing the results of research. This article provides an insight into the factors influential in attracting tourists (mainly the foodies) to a particular tourist destination region (TDR). The research result provides an idea of the domestic travel behaviour which can be utilized in the development of a TDR. The article has identified the implication of climatic change upon the tourist destinations of Australia in regards to the tourist inflows, tourism planning, and management. Amelung and Nicholls (2014, pp. 228-244), have discussed that there is a potentiality of change in the spatial and sequential outline of climatic opportunity for tourism, with a southward shift of the desirable climatic condition and decline of the climatic suitability in northern attractions. This change in the climatic fabric is influencing the tourism business of Australia. A number of previous scholarly articles and governmental documentary sources have provided the base of the study. By using the Tourism Climatic Index (TCI) the authors have analysed all the collected data from the credible secondary sources. However, Amelung and Nicholls (2014, pp. 228-244) have identified that the use of the Hadley Centres HadCM3 model has limited the potentiality of the data to provide a flexible result. Moreover, the use of TCI has restricted the potentiality of evaluation of other climatic variables. The paper has a biasness towards identifying the implication of climatic change in tourism business has ignored the change pattern in the customer behaviour in the context of climatic change which is an important variable in the managing a TDR. The article has suggested a few possible positive reactions to address the potential changes in the climatic pattern of Australian tourist destinations. The projected changes in the climatic pattern and the suggestions made by the authors will be helpful for the successful operation of a particular tourist destination region (TDR) in Australia. The research has aimed to explore the way of shaping the destination image for better providing better service to the Arab visitors at Gold Coast, Australia. Abodeeb, Wilson and Moyle (2015, pp.6-21) have identified that the DMOs in Australia are striving hard to create a good band image of Gold Coast to the Arab visitors by upholding strategic partnership among the DMOs from both the destinations. Moreover, the authors have identified that the Arabian websites have emphasized on the sea beaches as a point of attraction of Gold Coast whereas they ignored the shopping and accommodations as the source of attraction. The article has established its foundation from credible research articles and governmental data. By using the exploratory and mixed method of research, the article has acquired a great range of implication of the research findings. With the findings, the authors have successfully attained the purpose of identifying the way of shaping the brand image of the destination markets. However, the research has explored the status of brand preference only within the Arabian customers. It has restricted the potentiality of the findings to be utilized in a broader context. The research result provides the idea of using the cultural variables in creating attraction to the potential visitors for the tourist brands. The research findings will be helpful for the destination marketing organizations to understand the special needs of the various cultures in creating a strong brand image of a destination. The article has explored how employee welfare and human resource management can influence the customer service in the tourist industry. Dickson and Huyton (2008, pp.199-214) have identified that a challenging living condition of the seasonal staffs is likely to disrupt the service efficiency of the tourism organizations in Australia. Hence, the authors have suggested that the organizations need to initiate HR policies which create stuff satisfaction for ensuring customer satisfaction. Here, in this article the author has the objective identifying the importance of employee satisfaction in customer service. The authors have logically described how the different variables like employment status, educational level, knowledge and facilities, the quality of life and many other factors are being influential in determining the employee satisfaction and its implication on the customer service. Thus, the paper has successfully attained its objectives. However, the research has included the respondents from the mountain region only. It has limited the scope of the applicability of the research findings. The research has indicated that the seasonal staffs are crucial for the success of the tourism business. Hence, it is important for the companies to lay down an employee-oriented policy for ensuring employee satisfaction, which will, in turn, create improved customer service. Customer service is the core to the success of the tourism organizations. Hence, the opinion of the authors will help the DMOs in obtaining success. Self-reflection: From the critical evaluation of the above-discussed articles has increased and development my skills of researching on relevant information and theories. With the above-stated analysis, I have identified the importance of the customer preferences, climatic conditions, and experience in practical management and success of the tourism destinations and importance of the employee management and their satisfaction level on the quality of the customer service. In the context of researching on the topic of TDR and tourism management, this analysis has provided me the scope of identifying the related factors of the topic of my research. Moreover, I have also learned that researching on a certain topic may involve a range of relatively unrelated factors (food preference of customers). Hence, it has strengthened my quality as a researcher and skill of identifying relevant factors those are important for a certain topic. However, in the context of the critical analysis of these three articles, I have identified that the usage of the statistical methods in the data analysis, poses a restriction on me in the course of my understanding of the research result. Moreover, I have identified that I need to be more conscious while choosing an article as it may fail to cover a complete range of a topic and possess a biased approach while analyzing the data. References: Abodeeb, J, Wilson, E, Moyle, B, 2015, Shaping destination image and identity: insights for Arab tourism at the Gold Coast, Australia, International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9(1), pp.6-21. Amelung, B, and Nicholls, S, 2014, Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia, Tourism Management, 41, pp.228-244. Dickson, T,J, Huyton, J, 2008, Customer service, employee welfare and snowsports tourism in Australia, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(2), pp.199-214. Robinson, R, and Getz, D, 2014, Profiling potential food tourists: An Australian study, British Food Journal, 116(4), pp.690-706.

5 Steps to Increasing Your Emotional Intelligence at Work

5 Steps to Increasing Your Emotional Intelligence at Work Emotional intelligence at work won’t just help you be a better coworker and employee. It is instrumental if you want to become a leader, or a mover and shaker within your field. Figuring out what other people may be thinking, wanting, feeling, and needing, and being sensitive and adaptable to those things will also, of course, make you a better person. Developing these skills would be a win-win personally and professionally, and may just be the secret weapon you need to distinguish yourself and achieve that extra level of success.Here are 5Â  strategies that you can use to start honing (and eventually mastering) your emotional intelligence at work. Start early and see how your career can change.1. Self-AssessIt’s not just about knowing who you are, or what you like, or even what your wants and needs are. It’s not even merely being honest with yourself about your strengths and weaknesses. It’s about understanding these things and having the confidence to w ork from within them, with an aim of accepting your current state, but constantly striving to improve. If you master this, and know exactly where and who you are- in work and in life- you’ll be much better equipped to get where you need to go.2. Self-regulateDevelop your inner Zen master. Keeping your cool in a crisis will help distinguish you for leadership. And being disciplined enough to control your emotions and disruptive or destructive tendencies might eventually reroute them entirely. Cultivate calm and positivity. Worst case scenario, you’ll stress much less. Best case, you’ll become the office guru, then Queen of the Universe.3. Practice empathyYou may think your manager or your co-worker is a total jerk, maybe even an incompetent one. But before you write them off, try to imagine being in their shoes. Are there complicating factors in their lives that you may or may not know about that might be affecting their work or behavior? If you can try and imagi ne how others might be feeling, you’ll be better able to feel for them- and able to exercise compassion. The selfish upside here is that you’ll get much better at understanding what motivates people, and able to maneuver yourself and your team accordingly.4. Relate to peopleReal connections are hard to come by. Cultivate them. Don’t just treat people like stepping stones and distractedly try to maintain your relationships. Work at it. It’s much easier to do if you work on #3 and actually listen to and care about people. And it’s crucial for developing #5.5. CommunicateYou’ve heard a million times that effective communication is the biggest key to leadership and real success. That’s probably because it’s true. Cultivating all of the above skills will help you to avoid misunderstandings, miscommunications, bruised feelings, and mixed signals. It will make your team stronger, and it will make you better- at your job and at your li fe. You’ll have a much easier time developing your sense of purpose and working on your own and with your team to achieve that purpose.

Biography of Mother Jones, Labor Organizer and Agitator

Biography of Mother Jones, Labor Organizer and Agitator Mother Jones (born Mary Harris; 1837–November 30, 1930) was a key radical figure in United States labor history. She was a fiery orator, a union agitator for mine workers, and a co-founder of the International Workers of the World (IWW). The current-day political magazine Mother Jones was named for her and maintains her legacy of left-wing politics. Fast Facts: Mother Jones Known For:  Radical political activist, orator, organizer of mine worker union, co-founder of the International Workers of the WorldAlso Known As:  Mother of All Agitators. the Miners Angel, Mary Harris, Mary Harris JonesBorn:  c. August 1, 1837 (although she claimed May 1, 1830 as her birth date) in County Cork, IrelandParents: Mary Harris and Robert HarrisDied:  November 30, 1930 in Adelphi, MarylandEducation: Toronto Normal SchoolPublished Works:  The New Right, Letter of Love and Labor, Autobiography of Mother JonesSpouse: George JonesChildren: Four children (all of whom died in a yellow fever epidemic)Notable Quote: In spite of oppressors, in spite of false leaders, in spite of labor’s own lack of understanding of its needs, the cause of the worker continues onward. Slowly his hours are shortened, giving him leisure to read and to think. Slowly, his standard of living rises to include some of the good and beautiful things of the world. Slowly the cause of his ch ildren becomes the cause of all....Slowly those who create wealth of the world are permitted to share it.  The future is in labor’s strong, rough hands. Early Life Born Mary Harris in 1837 in County Cork, Ireland, young Mary Harris was the daughter of Mary Harris and Robert Harris.  Her father worked as a hired hand and the family lived on the estate where he worked. The family followed Robert Harris to America, where he had fled after taking part in a revolt against the landowners. The family then moved to Canada, where Mary went to public school. Work and Family Harris became a schoolteacher first in Canada, where, as a Roman Catholic, she could only teach in the parochial schools. She moved to Maine to teach as a private tutor and then to Michigan, where she got a teaching job in a convent. Harris then moved to Chicago and worked as a dressmaker. After two years, she moved to Memphis to teach and met George Jones in 1861. They married and had four  children.  George was an iron moulder and also worked as a union organizer. During their marriage, he began working full-time in his union job. George Jones and all four children died in a yellow fever epidemic in Memphis, Tennessee, in September and October 1867. Begins Organizing After the death of her family, Mary Harris Jones moved to Chicago, where she returned to work as a dressmaker. Mary claimed that her pull to the labor movement increased when she sewed for wealthy Chicago families. I would look out of the plate glass windows and see the poor, shivering wretches, jobless and hungry, walking alongside the frozen lake front....The tropical contrast of their condition with that of the tropical comfort of the people for whom I sewed was painful to me. My employers seemed neither to notice nor to care. Tragedy struck Jones life again in 1871. She lost her home, shop, and belongings in the Great Chicago Fire. She had already connected with the secretive workers organization Knights of Labor and was active in speaking for the group and organizing. After the fire, she left her dressmaking to take up full-time organizing with the Knights. Increasingly Radical By the mid-1880s, Mary Jones had left the Knights of Labor, finding them too conservative. She became involved in more radical organizing by 1890. A fiery orator, she spoke at the location of strikes around the country. She helped coordinate hundreds of strikes, including those with coal miners in Pennsylvania in 1873 and railroad workers in 1877. She was named often in newspapers as Mother Jones, a white-haired radical labor organizer in her signature black dress, lace collar, and plain head covering. Mother Jones was a loving moniker given her by workers, grateful for her care of and devotion to working people. United Mine Workers and Wobblies Mother Jones principally worked with the United Mine Workers, although her role was unofficial. Among other activist actions, she helped organize strikers wives.  Often ordered to stay away from miners, she refused to do so and frequently challenged the armed guards to shoot her. Mother Jones focused on the issue of child labor as well. In 1903, Mother Jones led a childrens march from Kensington, Pennsylvania, to New York to protest child labor to President Roosevelt. In 1905, Mother Jones was among the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, the Wobblies). She worked within the political system as well, and was a founder of the Social Democratic Party in 1898. Later Years In the 1920s, as rheumatism made it more difficult for her to get around, Mother Jones wrote her Autobiography of Mother Jones. Famed lawyer Clarence Darrow wrote an introduction to the book. Mother Jones became less active as her health failed. She moved to Maryland and lived with a retired couple. Death One of her last public appearances was at a birthday celebration on May 1, 1930, when she claimed to be 100. (May 1 is the international labor holiday in most of the world.) This birthday was celebrated at workers events around the country. Mother Jones died on November 30 of that year. She was buried at the Miners Cemetery at Mount Olive, Illinois, at her request: It was the only cemetery owned by a union. Legacy Mother Jones was once labeled the most dangerous woman in America by a U.S. district attorney. Her activism left a strong mark on U.S. labor history. The 2001 biography by Elliott Gorn has added significantly to the details known of Mother Jones life and work. The radical political magazine Mother Jones is named for her and she remains a symbol for passionate labor activism. Sources Gorn, Elliott J. Mother Jones: The Most Dangerous Woman in America. Hill and Wang, 2001.Josephson, Judith P. Mother Jones: Fierce Fighter for Workers Rights. Lerner Publications, 1997.

Task 5 PROBABILITY, STATISTICS, & QUANTITATIVE PROBLEM Essay

Task 5 PROBABILITY, STATISTICS, & QUANTITATIVE PROBLEM - Essay Example Therefore cost subsequent to discount is x-0.1x=0.9x. Hence the cost before and after tax is X=0.9x. Company B; let the cost prior to discount be represented by y. Company B wont award discount if y≠¤20. Hence cost subsequent to discount is y. We end up with the equation y= given y≠¤20. Incase y exceeds 20, company B will award 20% discount for any amount more than 20 dollars. The amount more than 20 dollars is y-20.discount is 20/100 of (y-20) =0.2x-4. The cost y subsequent to discount is given by 0.8x+4. Hence the cost before and after tax is connected by y=x given x≠¤20, y=0.8x+4 given y>20 Company A: The cost prior to discount is not more than 20 dollars. Systems of equations to be solved are x=0.9x, y=x and y=y .it implies that x=y=y. therefore x=0.9x hence dividing both sides by x we get 0.hence solution to the systems is x=o, y=0 and z=0. It implies that incase purchases are more than 20dollars, the two companies’ offers are equal if they do not purchase at all. Incase x inclines from 0 to 20 company’s A offer is better as they give10% discount and no discount is given by company B. Company B: The cost prior to discount is more than 20 dollars. Systems of equations to be solved are y=0.9x, y=0.8x+4 and y=y meaning 0.9x=0.8x+4 which gives us 0.1x=4 hence x=40. Y=0.9Ãâ€"40=36 and y=y=36. The solutions to this system is therefore x=40, y=36 and y=36. It implies that incase purchases are more than 20dollars, the two companies’ offers are equal if the amount prior to discount is 40dollars.if 20

Turner v. Safley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Turner v. Safley - Essay Example The second rule entailed that prisoners could only get married with the permission of the prison superintendent. This permission was only granted due to â€Å"compelling reasons†, which generally were a pregnancy or the birth of a child outside of marriage. Both the Federal District Court and Court of Appeals found these rules unconstitutional and ruled in favor of the petitioners, i.e. the inmates. The Missouri Division of Corrections appealed in the U.S. Supreme Court. In the Supreme Court, it was held that the first rule was reasonable and necessary for security reasons; if correspondence were to be allowed freely between prisoners, it could lead to inmates plotting escape plans, arranging violent activities and to promote prison gang activities. Moreover, this rule did not bar the prisoners from corresponding to prisoners and hence did not deprive them of all ways of expression. This rule was necessary for the safety of the prison staff as well as of the prisoners themselves. Therefore, the earlier decision in this matter was overturned. On the second rule, however, the Court agreed with the decision of the lower courts. It was decided that such a rule barred the right of the prisoners to marry on an unreasonable level, as, whether a prisoner married another prisoner or a civilian, it could not possibly have a negative effect that large on the prison staff or inmates so as to render it necessary for them to obtain the permission of the prison superintendent. Hence this rule was declared unconstitutional and ordered removed. The ruling of the Court was very balanced in its approach. The Court did not allow the infringement of the rights of the inmates that the Constitution provided them; moreover, it also kept in mind that the security of the prison staff and inmates was of prime importance and could not be compromised. Though it is important for none of the

The universe is very vast

The universe is very vast The Scale of the Universe The Universe is very vast. Many unanswered questions of life lay hidden beneath this place so unfamiliar to our society. This mysterious dark sky that we are floating in is supposedly constantly expanding to no end. Is there an edge? Well apparently there is no center to this expansion nor is there a fixed scale we know of. Its just an overall expansion everywhere merging into one another and only getting vaster. Will it ever stop expanding, or is there constant velocity acting on things all over, due to gravitational pulls coming from everywhere? The Big Bang which is supposedly the cause of the world we live in today was no ordinary explosion. According to studies from Edwin Hubble in 1929, there is no centre of the universe. These are many questions and statements that are yet to be answered and further investigated. We have come up with many assumptions in which many make sense but what is the truth behind all of this? Nuclear physics may have the answer to many of these question s. I find this topic most interesting simply because of the endless conclusions we can come up with, and the way things have been left so unsolved intrigues me. The Universe is defiantly immense. Earth is a planet in a solar system that is in a galaxy that lies in the Universe. Could the universe be within something too? A Multiverse or an omniverse, so in this case scenario our universe is just one of many others although in English connotation Universe implies everything beyond. The Compact Oxford Dictionary defines the Universe as all existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos. We would like to be able to give the Universe a scale but in order to do so we would have to know the content of everything within it. Throughout history our society has come with many conclusions to try to understand where and how we are situated in our solar system, in the galaxy and now in the universe. People used to think that the Earth was the centre of the Universe and that everything revolved around it. We were wrong. Earth and the other planets in our solar system revolve around the sun. We later deduced that the sun was the center of ever ything and that things revolved around it. Once again this was false. It turns out that there are many solar systems in our galaxy and many suns. We then thought that our galaxy was everything. As a result we were wrong again, there are many other galaxies. All of these are wrong statements, we may still be wrong today. There are as many galaxies or even more in the Universe as there are stars in our own galaxy. There are even clusters of galaxies and clusters of clusters which are called Superclusters which make up the Universe. We would love to give the universe a scale but we can only determine the edge by what light beams have been able to travel past, thus the distance is calculated in time taken by a light ray. The extent of what we can see in the Universe would take 15billion years at light speed to reach that area. We see no further since light has not traveled that far yet. We assumed that the Universe is constantly expanding and over time different factors will affect things. Here is a graph that shows the scale of the Universe versus time. The graph shows three factors that supposedly contribute to the Universes expansion: Constant Dark Energy, Big Rip Big Crunch is what scientists see as the expansion of the Universe and its fate. The curve determines in what way the Universe is expanding. If we look at the graph carefully it states that at the beginning of times, things were created by this mysterious Big Bang. Eventually these three components (Big Rip, Constant Dark Energy and Big Crunch) started to increase. The Universe was expanding (Big Crunch), the amount of dark energy was increasing and things were constantly being split into pieces, divided and chopped due to the theory of Big Rip. Things have stayed this way till present time but eventually in the future scientists predict that due to this constant effect of the Big Rip the Universe would eventually collapse which is stated by the down curve of the Big Crunch. All in all scientists predict an eventual implosion of the entire Universe, due to its constant expansion which is supposedly being expanded by shreds of particles being ripped apart. Is there a definite scale to the Universe? We cannot tell but we assume that it is constantly expanding. I would have thought that we are under the illusion of this expansion and that it is simply that we cannot see further since light rays have not traveled that far for us to be able to see any further. My theory can be proven since the furthest we can see has taken a ray of light to travel all that distance since the big bang. What I believe is that there is something faster than the speed of light and the explosion of the Big Bang has brought things further away faster than a ray of light can travel. I believe that there is no existence over there but there is matter, atoms and particles. If I believe what scientist say I could assume that the distance of the Universe is 15billion light years. The di stance a light ray has traveled since the Big Bang. This is possible since the speed of light in Einsteins theory of relativity is only an axiom on which he basses the rest of his theory. Bibliography The Distance Scale of the Universe. An Atlas of The Universe. . KryssTal : The Scale of the Universe. KryssTal : Home Page. . Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You Secret Worlds: The Universe Within Interactive Java Tutorial. Molecular Expressions: Images from the Microscope. . The Scale of the Universe. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences @ UCSD. . Weird data suggests something big beyond the edge of the universe | COSMOS magazine. COSMOS magazine | The science of everything. . Why can nothing go faster than the speed of light? | Ask MetaFilter. Ask MetaFilter | Community Weblog. . YouTube Imagining the Tenth Dimension (annotated). YouTube Broadcast Yourself. .

On the Translation of English Idioms Essay

Language and culture are closely connected and inseparable, as a language idiom is the essence of the deposition of the fascinating history and culture. Because of geography, history, religion, customs and other aspects of life differences between Chinese and English Idioms carrying characteristics of the different cultures and cultural information, so English-Chinese Idioms often encounter many difficulties. From the geographical environment, historical background, customs and religious beliefs described four aspects of cultural differences between Britain and China on the impact of the formation of their respective idioms, and detailed description of English Idioms translation to deal with this cultural difference in several commonly used translation . Keywords: language; culture; cultural differences; Idioms Translation 1, English idioms and cultural differences reflected in the (A)Ã'Ž The environment  The natural environment is mankind’s survival and the basis for the development of different natural environment of the formation and development of national culture have different effects. Chinese people living in the vast expanse of fertile continent of East Asia, China since ancient times is a large agricultural country, the land in people’s lives is vital. Therefore, there is a considerable portion of Chinese agriculture and land-related idioms. Such as ‘good weather†dead end†extermination†big spenders’ and so on. Britain is an island surrounded by water. Maritime history, have been living in a world leader, so in English and will have a lot of water, fish, and marine-related idiom. Such as weak as water (fragile), drink like a fish (booze), to miss the boat (missed opportunities), all at sea (a loss). In the Chinese cultural atmosphere, the ‘wind’ that is ‘spring wind’, in the summer heat often associated with the Ku Shu, ‘scorch like fire’, ‘Jiaoyangsihuo’ is often used to describe the summer term . The United Kingdom is located in the western hemisphere north temperate zone, is a marine climate, the report is that the message of spring westerly, the British poet Shelley’s ‘West Wind Song’ (ode to the west wi nd) is the right spring Acura. England’s summer season is warm and pleasant, often with ‘lovely’, ‘moderate’, ‘OK’ connected. Shakespeare in his sonnets in one compared to the summer of love, Shall I compare thee to asummer’s day? Thou are more lovely and more temperate. (B) The historical allusion From a certain point of view that language is a nation’s cultural memory and precipitation, the large number of Chinese idioms are based on the nation’s history, economy, culture, traditions, habits, formed the basis, with a strong national cultural characteristics of and far-reaching social and historical origins, often can not be understood from the literal meaning and translation. Such as ‘mere copycat’, ‘Minglasunshan’, ‘lose the wife of another soldier off†Three Stooges, the top one wise’ and so on. English idioms idioms come from the ‘Bible’ and the Greek and Roman mythology, but also have their specific content, such as Achilles’heel (the only fatal weakness), meetone’s waterloo (suffered a crushing defeat), a Pandora’s box (Pandora’s box), the Trojanhorse (Trojan horse from Greek mythology), arrow of Cupid ( , from Roman mythology). (C) The difference between practice In traditional Chinese culture, the dragon is a symbol of auspicious animals. In feudal society, imperial dragon is a symbol, authority and elegance. Thus, in Chinese and dragon-related idioms generally contain compliment. Such as ‘Dragon and Phoenix Succeed†Ã¢â‚¬ Chenglongkuaixu’ and so on. However, myths and legends of the West, dragon wings, it is a long, scaly body, dragging a long tail, fire-breathing from the mouth of animals, it is terrifying. Therefore, as Long as the murderous havoc Westerners thing, to be eliminated. In addition, the dog in Chinese is a humble animal. Chinese idioms with dog-related mostly derogatory: ‘Fox Peng Dog Party’, ‘Goujitiaoqiang’, ‘a dog’s mouth spit no ivory’ and so on, while in the Western English-speaking countries, dogs are considered man’s most loyal friend . English idiom In addition to the dog’s part due to the impact of other languages, which includes a derogatory sense, most of them are not meant to be derogatory. Idioms in English, often with the dog’s image to describe human behavior. If Youare a lucky dog (you are one lucky), Every dog has his day (mortal Jieyou proud days). In contrast, the Chinese people are very loved cats, with the ‘Chan Mao’ metaphor man gluttonous, often intimate components, while in Western culture, ‘cat’ is used to metaphor ‘a malicious woman’. (Iv) religious beliefs. Every nation has its own religious beliefs and religious culture, its people’s values and lifestyle of the formation and language have a subtle impact. In the long history of several thousand years, the Chinese nation is predominantly Buddhist and Taoist. Therefore, there are many Chinese Buddhism, Taoism-related idioms, such as ‘Jiehuaxianfo †Road†Bearing in mind that’ and so on. In addition, the Chinese people still worship gods, such as ‘right and proper†thank God†Heaven always leaves people a way out’ and so on. Chinese emperors also claim to be ‘true sons of the dragon’. In the United Kingdom and other Western countries, the greatest impact of religion is Christianity. In the Western mind, God has a supreme supernatural power. There are also a number of English idioms with the God-related idioms. If God helps those who help themselves (God helps those who help themselves), Man proposes, God disposes (Man proposes, God disposes days). Curse a person is often said that God damn you, danger often said after the Thank God, or God bless you. Christian doctrine ‘Bible’ has been regarded as a classic of Western culture. Many English idioms is precisely because of this. Such as the finger on the wall (writing on the wall), cast one’s bread upon the waters (really do good, without asking for anything). From the above aspects, we can see the impact of culture on idiom far-reaching and extensive. To correctly understand the English language learners and successful conduct of Idioms Idioms translation, we must first English-Chinese have a deep understanding of both cultures. Second, the main method Idioms Translation Translation is the conversion between the two languages, while the close relationship between language and culture conversion request must be in the language of cultural conversion. In view of this, the translator can not be literally literal translation, we must better understand the culture behind the literal information, using the original understanding of the original language and cultural knowledge to their own understanding, based on in another language such as that of the target language for the kinds of transformation, for the reader to pass the original translation accurate information, press ‘functional equivalence’ principle so that ‘the reader to reflect the same’. Therefore, the idioms translated the one hand, as far as possible with the original meaning of ‘the most appropriate, the most natural reproduction of such words come out’, with Nida’s words, that is, ‘The best translation does no t sound like a translation’; the other On the one hand, but also make every effort to display the original cultural information on the translation readers to understand the cultural information contained in the original. Main methods are: reposted elsewhere in the paper for free Download Center http://www. hi138. com (A) Literal Translation. The so-called literal translation method, is not against the target language norms, and Lenovo are not under the conditions that caused the error in the translation to retain the original idiom metaphor, image and national, local features approach. It applies to some extent due to the use of a wide number of more of its literal meaning and metaphorical meaning has been widely accepted by the reader for the translation idioms. If a gentleman’s agreement (a gentleman’s agreement); armed to the teeth (armed to the teeth); to fish in troubled water (fish in troubled waters); paper tiger (paper tiger); (draw water in a bamboo basket). Literal translation of the advantage of being able to retain more complete image of the original idiom metaphor, ethnic style, color and language. However, if the interpreter too much or too literal translation properly, it’s easy to make the reader feel funny or ridiculous, even give rise to misunderstanding or error association. Such as: (Until all is over, ambition never dies. ), The Pig falsely accuse the Chinese (To put blame on one’s victim.) ‘Yellow’ and ‘The Pig’ and other words have an obvious cultural traits, if the literal translation, foreign readers will not understand why, only to ‘functional equivalence’ approach interpreter to readers in the East and the West has caused and is willing to match feelings. (B) literal explanation France In order to preserve the cultural information contained in the original, it is more use of literal, rather than paraphrase, but because of language rooted in the cultural soil is different from literal translation is likely to be ambiguous and vague. In this case, only in conjunction with appropriate annotation in order to pass the original text of cultural information. For example, a Don Juan (Don Juan, which means Merry prodigal son), to carry coals to New castle (coal to Newcastle, means superfluous, Newcastle – a British coal Center), N. (show off one’s proficiency with axe before L u Ban, the master carpenter), mere copycat (The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a destroyed way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse. ). (C) the equivalent ILL Method. Idioms right and others are reflected in three aspects, namely metaphor meaning, form and emotional metaphors. Some English Idioms and Chinese idioms, whether in content or in form or emotional, both relatively close to this time, idioms translated to equivalent ILL method can be used, or apply the law synonymous idiom. This approach not only to retain the image of the source language, style, consistent with the target language the language of the structure and habits, allowing the reader to easily understand the text of the translation to convey meaning, and thus the smooth realization of cross-cultural exchange. Such as burn the boat (most drastic); greatminds think alike (Great minds think alike); turn a deaf ear to (ignored); a drop in the ocean (drop in the ocean). (D) translation method Translation method refers to the translation, to retain only the meaning of the original forms of expression rather than to retain the original method. When due to cultural differences can not be literally translated, nor synonymous idioms can be borrowed, together with the explanatory text then would lose the essence of the characteristics of idioms, it is best to avoid their cultural background and its meaning can be translated. If a skeleton in the cupboard (family scandal), driven to revolt (be forced to do something), (frankly speaking), volunteered (to volunteer one’s service). Zhang Ling: Cultural differences and Idioms translation of this approach also applies to those using concrete and plain metaphor to illustrate the more abstract reasoning, and language vivid and witty tag line. Such as the ‘donkey to see libretto – wait and see’ can be translated  as wait and see, ‘dog bites Lu Tung-pin, did not know good people’ can be translated to snap and snarl at a kind hearted man. 3, Conclusion English and each has its own cultural imprint colors and cultures between the two there is a large cultural differences. The impact of culture on idiom is multifaceted, non-English-Chinese translation of idioms is not. While the translation of idioms, especially those rich in cultural information, Idioms, and there is no fixed pattern in the end that the method should be adopted according to the context of flexible options. In addition, the process of translation the translator must not only consider the language of conversion, but also to enhance cultural awareness, from the standpoint of cross-cultural communication, using an appropriate mode of translation, try to eliminate the cross-cultural communication caused by cultural differences communication barriers, to achieve an accurate description of the purpose of a foreign culture. References: [1] Chen Ding-an. English Rhetoric and Translation [M]. Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 1996. [2] Ping-hong, Zhang Guoyang. English Idioms and Anglo-American culture, [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Education and Research Press, 1999. [3] Hu Wenzhong. Introduction to Intercultural Communication [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Education and Research Press, 1999. [4] Fang dream. Translation New Theory and Practice [M]. Qingdao: Qingdao Publishing House, 1999. [5] FENG Qing-hua. Practical Translation (update) [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002. [6] Sun Hui-jun, ZHENG Qing-Zhu. Translation studies in the cultural shift [J]. Chinese translation, 2000, (05). Reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www. hi138. com.